Compare San Marino (2006) - Timor-Leste (2007)

Compare San Marino (2006) z Timor-Leste (2007)

	San Marino (2006)	Timor-Leste (2007)

Administrative divisions	9 municipalities (castelli, singular - castello); Acquaviva, Borgo Maggiore, Chiesanuova, Domagnano, Faetano, Fiorentino, Montegiardino, San Marino Citta, Serravalle	13 administrative districts; Aileu, Ainaro, Baucau, Bobonaro (Maliana), Cova-Lima (Suai), Dili, Ermera, Lautem (Los Palos), Liquica, Manatuto, Manufahi (Same), Oecussi (Ambeno), Viqueque
Age structure	0-14 years: 16.8% (male 2,534/female 2,372) 15-64 years: 66.2% (male 9,316/female 10,055) 65 years and over: 17% (male 2,149/female 2,825) (2006 est.)	0-14 years: 35.7% (male 196,825/female 190,454) 15-64 years: 61.1% (male 337,816/female 325,094) 65 years and over: 3.2% (male 16,823/female 17,959) (2007 est.)
Agriculture - products	wheat, grapes, corn, olives; cattle, pigs, horses, beef, cheese, hides	coffee, rice, corn, cassava, sweet potatoes, soybeans, cabbage, mangoes, bananas, vanilla
Airports	-	8 (2007)
Airports - with paved runways	-	total: 3 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 under 914 m: 1 (2007)
Airports - with unpaved runways	-	total: 5 914 to 1,523 m: 3 under 914 m: 2 (2007)
Area	total: 61.2 sq km land: 61.2 sq km water: 0 sq km	total: 15,007 sq km land: NA sq km water: NA sq km
Area - comparative	about 0.3 times the size of Washington, DC	slightly larger than Connecticut
Background	The third smallest state in Europe (after the Holy See and Monaco) also claims to be the world's oldest republic. According to tradition, it was founded by a Christian stonemason named Marino in 301 A.D. San Marino's foreign policy is aligned with that of Italy. Social and political trends in the republic also track closely with those of its larger neighbor.	The Portuguese began to trade with the island of Timor in the early 16th century and colonized it in mid-century. Skirmishing with the Dutch in the region eventually resulted in an 1859 treaty in which Portugal ceded the western portion of the island. Imperial Japan occupied Timor-Leste from 1942 to 1945, but Portugal resumed colonial authority after the Japanese defeat in World War II. Timor-Leste declared itself independent from Portugal on 28 November 1975 and was invaded and occupied by Indonesian forces nine days later. It was incorporated into Indonesia in July 1976 as the province of Timor-Leste. An unsuccessful campaign of pacification followed over the next two decades, during which an estimated 100,000 to 250,000 individuals lost their lives. On 30 August 1999, in a UN-supervised popular referendum, an overwhelming majority of the people of Timor-Leste voted for independence from Indonesia. Between the referendum and the arrival of a multinational peacekeeping force in late September 1999, anti-independence Timorese militias - organized and supported by the Indonesian military - commenced a large-scale, scorched-earth campaign of retribution. The militias killed approximately 1,400 Timorese and forcibly pushed 300,000 people into western Timor as refugees. The majority of the country's infrastructure, including homes, irrigation systems, water supply systems, and schools, and nearly 100% of the country's electrical grid were destroyed. On 20 September 1999 the Australian-led peacekeeping troops of the International Force for East Timor (INTERFET) deployed to the country and brought the violence to an end. On 20 May 2002, Timor-Leste was internationally recognized as an independent state. In March of 2006, a military strike led to violence and a near breakdown of law and order. Over 2,000 Australian, New Zealand, and Portuguese police and peacekeepers deployed to Timor-Leste in late May. Although many of the peacekeepers were replaced by UN police officers, 850 Australian soldiers remained as of 1 January 2007.
Birth rate	10.02 births/1,000 population (2006 est.)	26.77 births/1,000 population (2007 est.)
Budget	revenues: $400 million expenditures: $400 million; including capital expenditures of $NA (2000 est.)	revenues: $107.7 million expenditures: $73 million (2004 est.)
Capital	name: San Marino geographic coordinates: 43 56 N, 12 25 E time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time) daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October	name: Dili geographic coordinates: 8 35 S, 125 36 E time difference: UTC+9 (14 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)
Climate	Mediterranean; mild to cool winters; warm, sunny summers	tropical; hot, humid; distinct rainy and dry seasons
Coastline	0 km (landlocked)	706 km
Constitution	8 October 1600; electoral law of 1926 serves some of the functions of a constitution	22 March 2002 (based on the Portuguese model)
Country name	conventional long form: Republic of San Marino conventional short form: San Marino local long form: Repubblica di San Marino local short form: San Marino	conventional long form: Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste conventional short form: Timor-Leste local long form: Republika Demokratika Timor Lorosa'e [Tetum]; Republica Democratica de Timor-Leste [Portuguese] local short form: Timor Lorosa'e [Tetum]; Timor-Leste [Portuguese] former: East Timor; Portuguese Timor
Death rate	8.17 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)	6.19 deaths/1,000 population (2007 est.)
Debt - external	$NA	-
Diplomatic representation from the US	the US does not have an embassy in San Marino; the US Consul General in Florence (Italy) is accredited to San Marino	chief of mission: Ambassador Hans G. KLEMM embassy: Avenida de Portugal, Praia dos Conqueiros, Dili mailing address: US Department of State, 8250 Dili Place, Washington, DC 20521-8250 telephone: (670) 332-4684 FAX: (670) 331-3206
Diplomatic representation in the US	San Marino does not have an embassy in the US honorary consulate(s) general: New York, Washington, DC honorary consulate(s): Detroit, Honolulu	chief of mission: Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires Constancio PINTO chancery: 4201 Connecticut Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: 202 966-3202 FAX: 202 966-3205 consulate(s) general: New York
Disputes - international	none	Timor-Leste-Indonesia Boundary Committee has resolved all but a small portion of the land boundary, but discussions on maritime boundaries are stalemated over sovereignty of the uninhabited coral island of Pulau Batek/Fatu Sinai in the north and alignment with Australian claims in the south; many refugees who left Timor-Leste in 2003 still reside in Indonesia and refuse repatriation; Australia and Timor-Leste agreed in 2005 to defer the disputed portion of the boundary for 50 years and to split hydrocarbon revenues evenly outside the Joint Petroleum Development Area covered by the 2002 Timor Sea Treaty
Economic aid - recipient	$NA	$184.7 million (2005 est.)
Economy - overview	The tourist sector contributes over 50% of GDP. In 2000 more than 3 million tourists visited San Marino. The key industries are banking, wearing apparel, electronics, and ceramics. Main agricultural products are wine and cheeses. The per capita level of output and standard of living are comparable to those of the most prosperous regions of Italy, which supplies much of its food.	In late 1999, about 70% of the economic infrastructure of Timor-Leste was laid waste by Indonesian troops and anti-independence militias, and 300,000 people fled westward. Over the next three years, however, a massive international program, manned by 5,000 peacekeepers (8,000 at peak) and 1,300 police officers, led to substantial reconstruction in both urban and rural areas. By the end of 2005, all refugees either returned or resettled in Indonesia. The country faces great challenges in continuing the rebuilding of infrastructure, strengthening the infant civil administration, and generating jobs for young people entering the work force. The development of oil and gas resources in nearby waters has begun to supplement government revenues ahead of schedule and above expectations - the result of high petroleum prices - but the technology-intensive industry does little to create jobs for the unemployed, because there are no production facilities in Timor and the gas is piped to Australia. The parliament in June 2005 unanimously approved the creation of a Petroleum Fund to serve as a repository for all petroleum revenues and preserve the value of Timor-Leste's petroleum wealth for future generations. The mid-2006 outbreak of violence and civil unrest disrupted both private and public sector economic activity. Real non-oil GDP growth in 2006 is estimated to have been negative. The underlying economic policy challenge the country faces remains how best to use oil-and-gas wealth to lift the non-oil economy onto a higher growth path and reduce poverty.
Electricity - consumption	-	NA kWh (2005)
Electricity - exports	-	0 kWh (2005)
Electricity - imports	-	0 kWh (2005)
Electricity - production	-	NA kWh
Elevation extremes	lowest point: Torrente Ausa 55 m highest point: Monte Titano 755 m	lowest point: Timor Sea, Savu Sea, and Banda Sea 0 m highest point: Foho Tatamailau 2,963 m
Environment - current issues	NA	widespread use of slash and burn agriculture has led to deforestation and soil erosion
Environment - international agreements	party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution	party to: Climate Change, Desertification
Ethnic groups	Sammarinese, Italian	Austronesian (Malayo-Polynesian), Papuan, small Chinese minority
Exchange rates	euros per US dollar - 0.8041 (2005), 0.8054 (2004), 0.886 (2003), 1.0626 (2002), 1.1175 (2001)	the US dollar is used
Executive branch	chief of state: Cochiefs of State Captain Regent Antonio CARATTONI and Captain Regent Roberto GIORGETTI (for the period 1 October 2006-31 March 2007) head of government: Secretary of State for Foreign and Political Affairs Fiorenzo STOLFI (since 27 July 2006) cabinet: Congress of State elected by the Great and General Council for a five-year term elections: cochiefs of state (captains regent) elected by the Great and General Council for a six-month term; election last held in September 2006 (next to be held March 2007); secretary of state for foreign and political affairs elected by the Great and General Council for a five-year term; election last held 13 December 2003 (next to be held NA) election results: Antonio CARATTONI and Roberto GIORGETTI elected captains regent; percent of legislative vote - NA; Fabio BERARDI elected secretary of state for foreign and political affairs; percent of legislative vote - NA note: the popularly elected parliament (Grand and General Council) selects two of its members to serve as the Captains Regent (cochiefs of state) for a six-month period; they preside over meetings of the Grand and General Council and its cabinet (Congress of State), which has 10 other members, all selected by the Grand and General Council; assisting the captains regent are 10 secretaries of state; the secretary of state for Foreign Affairs has assumed some of the prerogatives of a prime minister	chief of state: President Jose RAMOS-HORTA (since 20 May 2007); note - the president plays a largely symbolic role but is able to veto legislation, dissolve parliament, and call national elections head of government: Prime Minister Kay Rala Xanana GUSMAO (since 8 August 2007), note - he formerly used the name Jose Alexandre GUSMAO; Deputy Prime Minister Jose Luis GUTERRES (since 8 August 2007) cabinet: Council of Ministers elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 9 April 2007 with run-off on 8 May 2007 (next be be held in May 2012); following elections, president appoints leader of majority party or majority coalition as prime minister election results: Jose RAMOS-HORTA elected president; percent of vote - Jose RAMOS-HORTA 69.2%, Francisco GUTTERES 30.8%
Exports	trade data are included with the statistics for Italy	$10 million; note - excludes oil (2005 est.)
Exports - commodities	building stone, lime, wood, chestnuts, wheat, wine, baked goods, hides, ceramics	coffee, sandalwood, marble; note - potential for oil and vanilla exports
Exports - partners	-	Indonesia 100% (2006)
Fiscal year	calendar year	1 July - 30 June
Flag description	two equal horizontal bands of white (top) and light blue with the national coat of arms superimposed in the center; the coat of arms has a shield (featuring three towers on three peaks) flanked by a wreath, below a crown and above a scroll bearing the word LIBERTAS (Liberty)	red, with a black isosceles triangle (based on the hoist side) superimposed on a slightly longer yellow arrowhead that extends to the center of the flag; there is a white star in the center of the black triangle
GDP - composition by sector	agriculture: NA% industry: NA% services: NA%	agriculture: 8.5% industry: 23.1% services: 68.4% (2004)
GDP - real growth rate	2.3% (2002 est.)	1.8% (2005 est.)
Geographic coordinates	43 46 N, 12 25 E	8 50 S, 125 55 E
Geography - note	landlocked; smallest independent state in Europe after the Holy See and Monaco; dominated by the Apennines	Timor comes from the Malay word for "East"; the island of Timor is part of the Malay Archipelago and is the largest and easternmost of the Lesser Sunda Islands
Heliports	-	9 (2007)
Household income or consumption by percentage share	lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%	lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%
Illicit drugs	-	NA
Imports	trade data are included with the statistics for Italy	$202 million (2004 est.)
Imports - commodities	wide variety of consumer manufactures, food	food, gasoline, kerosene, machinery
Independence	3 September A.D. 301	28 November 1975 (independence proclaimed from Portugal); note - 20 May 2002 is the official date of international recognition of Timor-Leste's independence from Indonesia
Industrial production growth rate	6% (1997 est.)	8.5% (2004 est.)
Industries	tourism, banking, textiles, electronics, ceramics, cement, wine	printing, soap manufacturing, handicrafts, woven cloth
Infant mortality rate	total: 5.63 deaths/1,000 live births male: 6.06 deaths/1,000 live births female: 5.17 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)	total: 44.46 deaths/1,000 live births male: 50.47 deaths/1,000 live births female: 38.14 deaths/1,000 live births (2007 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices)	-1.7% (2001)	1.4% (2005)
International organization participation	CE, FAO, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICFTU, ICRM, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), IPU, ITU, OPCW, OSCE, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WToO	ACP, ARF, AsDB, CPLP, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, MIGA, NAM, OPCW, PIF (observer), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, Union Latina, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO
Irrigated land	NA	1,065 sq km (est.)
Judicial branch	Council of Twelve or Consiglio dei XII	Supreme Court of Justice - constitution calls for one judge to be appointed by National Parliament and rest appointed by Superior Council for Judiciary; note - until Supreme Court is established, Court of Appeals is highest court
Labor force	19,970 (2003)	NA
Labor force - by occupation	agriculture: 1% industry: 42% services: 57% (2000 est.)	agriculture: NA% industry: NA% services: NA%
Land boundaries	total: 39 km border countries: Italy 39 km	total: 228 km border countries: Indonesia 228 km
Land use	arable land: 16.67% permanent crops: 0% other: 83.33% (2005)	arable land: 8.2% permanent crops: 4.57% other: 87.23% (2005)
Languages	Italian	Tetum (official), Portuguese (official), Indonesian, English note: there are about 16 indigenous languages; Tetum, Galole, Mambae, and Kemak are spoken by significant numbers of people
Legal system	based on civil law system with Italian law influences; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction	UN-drafted legal system based on Indonesian law remains in place but are to be replaced by civil and penal codes based on Portuguese law; these have passed but have not been promulgated; has not accepted compulsury ICJ jurisdiction
Legislative branch	unicameral Grand and General Council or Consiglio Grande e Generale (60 seats; members are elected by direct, popular vote to serve five-year terms) elections: last held 4 June 2006 (next to be held by June 2011) election results: percent of vote by party - PDCS 32.9%, Party of Socialists and Democrats 31.9%, APDS 11.9%, United Left 8.7%, New Socialist Party 5.4%; seats by party - PDCS 21, Party of Socialists and Democrats 20, APDS 7, United Left 5, New Socialist Party 3, other 4	unicameral National Parliament (number of seats can vary from 52 to 65; members elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms) elections: last held on 30 June 2007 (next elections to be held in June 2012) election results: percent of vote by party - FRETILIN 29%, CNRT 24.1%, ASDT-PSD 15.8%, PD 11.3%, PUN 4.5%, KOTA-PPT (Democratic Alliance) 3.2%, UNTERDIM 3.2%, others 8.9%; seats by party - FRETILIN 21, CNRT 18, ASDT-PSD 11, PD 8, PUN 3, KOTA-PPT 2, UNDERTIM 2
Life expectancy at birth	total population: 81.71 years male: 78.23 years female: 85.5 years (2006 est.)	total population: 66.6 years male: 64.28 years female: 69.04 years (2007 est.)
Literacy	definition: age 10 and over can read and write total population: 96% male: 97% female: 95% (1976 est.)	definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 58.6% male: NA% female: NA% (2002)
Location	Southern Europe, an enclave in central Italy	Southeastern Asia, northwest of Australia in the Lesser Sunda Islands at the eastern end of the Indonesian archipelago; note - Timor-Leste includes the eastern half of the island of Timor, the Oecussi (Ambeno) region on the northwest portion of the island of Timor, and the islands of Pulau Atauro and Pulau Jaco
Map references	Europe	Southeast Asia
Maritime claims	none (landlocked)	territorial sea: 12 nm contiguous zone: 24 nm exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm
Merchant marine	-	by type: passenger/cargo 1 (2007)
Military - note	defense is the responsibility of Italy	-
Military branches	no regular military forces; Voluntary Military Force (Corpi Militari Voluntar) performs ceremonial duties and limited police functions (2006)	Timor-Leste Defense Force (Forcas de Defesa de Timor-L'este, FDTL): Army, Navy (Armada) (2005)
Military expenditures - dollar figure	$700,000 (FY00/01)	-
Military expenditures - percent of GDP	NA	NA
National holiday	Founding of the Republic, 3 September (A.D. 301)	Independence Day, 28 November (1975)
Nationality	noun: Sammarinese (singular and plural) adjective: Sammarinese	noun: Timorese adjective: Timorese
Natural hazards	NA	floods and landslides are common; earthquakes, tsunamis, tropical cyclones
Natural resources	building stone	gold, petroleum, natural gas, manganese, marble
Net migration rate	10.7 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)	0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2007 est.)
Political parties and leaders	Communist Refoundation or RC [Ivan FOSHI]; Ideas in Movement or IM [Alessandro ROSSI]; National Alliance or AN; New Socialist Party; Party of Socialists and Democrats [Claudio FELICI]; San Marino Christian Democratic Party or PDCS [Giovanni LONFERNINI]; San Marino Popular Alliance of Democrats or APDS [Roberto GIORGETTI]; San Marino Socialist Party or PSS [Alberto CECCHETTI]; Socialists for Reform or SR [Renzo GIARDI]; United Left	Democratic Party or PD [Fernando de ARAUJO]; National Congress for Timorese Reconstruction or CNRT [Xanana GUSMAO]; National Democratic Union of Timorese Resistance or UNDERTIM [Cornelio DA Conceicao GAMA]; National Unity Party or PUN [Fernanda BORGES]; People's Party of Timor or PPT [Jacob XAVIER]; Revolutionary Front of Independent Timor-Leste or FRETILIN [Francisco Guterres Lu OLO]; Social Democratic Association of Timor or ASDT [Francisco Xavier do AMARAL]; Social Democratic Party or PSD [Mario CARRASCALAO]; Sons of the Mountain Warriors or KOTA [Clementino dos Reis AMARAL] (also known as Association of Timorese Heroes)
Political pressure groups and leaders	NA	-
Population	29,251 (July 2006 est.)	1,084,971 note: other estimates range as low as 800,000 (July 2007 est.)
Population below poverty line	NA%	42% (2003 est.)
Population growth rate	1.26% (2006 est.)	2.059% (2007 est.)
Radio broadcast stations	AM 0, FM 3, shortwave 0 (1998)	at least 1 (Timor-Leste has a state-run media oversight authority that oversees at least 1 radio station - frequency type NA)
Religions	Roman Catholic	Roman Catholic 98%, Muslim 1%, Protestant 1% (2005)
Sex ratio	at birth: 1.09 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.07 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.93 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.76 male(s)/female total population: 0.92 male(s)/female (2006 est.)	at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.033 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.039 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.937 male(s)/female total population: 1.034 male(s)/female (2007 est.)
Suffrage	18 years of age; universal	17 years of age; universal
Telephone system	general assessment: adequate connections domestic: automatic telephone system completely integrated into Italian system international: country code - 378; connected to Italian international network	general assessment: rudimentary service limited to urban areas domestic: fixed and wireless service available; system suffered significant damage during the violence associated with independence international: country code - 670; international service is available in major urban centers
Telephones - main lines in use	20,600 (2002)	2,500 (2006)
Telephones - mobile cellular	16,800 (2002)	49,100 (2006)
Television broadcast stations	1 (San Marino residents also receive broadcasts from Italy) (1997)	1 (Timor-Leste has a state-run media oversight authority that oversees at least 1 television station)
Terrain	rugged mountains	mountainous
Total fertility rate	1.34 children born/woman (2006 est.)	3.45 children born/woman (2007 est.)
Unemployment rate	2.6% (2001)	50% estimated; note - unemployment in urban areas reached 20%; data do not include underemployed (2001 est.)

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